Table of Contents

Table of contents

Introduction

Introduction to the open resource.

Fundamental Concepts

Diagnostic Characteristics

Vertebrate Ancestors

Protochordates

Homology vs. Homoplasy

Phylogeny

Phylogeny Links

Agnathans

Ostracoderms and Gnathostomes

Basic embryology

Organ Systems

Integument

Head skeleton

Trunk skeleton

Appendicular skeleton

Coeloms and mesenteries

Digestive system

Respiration

Circulation – heart evolution

Circulation – aortic arch evolution

Osmoregulation

Nervous System

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